Three weeks later the head was found after intense sifting in a deeper level of the room rubble. [5][32], Furthermore, several alabaster and travertine fragments of seated statues, which were found by George Reisner during his excavations at Giza, were once inscribed with Khufu's full royal titulary. In another scene, close by, Khufu wears the Atef-crown while smiting an enemy. Herodotus’s story of Khufu’s prostitution of his daughter in order to raise money for his building projects is clearly apocryphal. "[49][56][57], The same goes for the story about king Khafre. The story about the alleged "Sacred Book" is questioned by modern Egyptologists, for it would be highly unusual that a pharaoh wrote books and that such a precious document could be sold away so easily.[55][56][57]. According to Tallet, the harbor could also have been one of the legendary high sea harbours of Ancient Egypt, from where expeditions to the infamous gold land Punt had started. Then he writes that Khufu built the pyramids after repeated nightmares in which the earth turned upside-down, the stars fell down and people were screaming in terror. One of them is the so-called "Brooklyn head" of the Brooklyn Museum in New York City. [5][18] The ancient historian Herodotus gives 50 years and the ancient historian Manetho even credits him 63 years of reign. For the length of it is 5 furlongs and the breadth 10 fathoms and the height, where it is highest, 8 fathoms, and it is made of polished stone and with figures carved upon it. It was erected in small steps by more or less roughly hewn blocks of dark limestone. Khufu's serekh name is carved in a rock inscription reporting the "Mefat-travelling in the year after the 13th cattle count under Hor-Medjedu". [5][32] One of the relief fragments shows the cartouche of Khufu with the phrase: "Building of the sanctuaries of the gods". Khufu, Greek Cheops, (flourished 25th century bce), second king of the 4th dynasty (c. 2575–c. [18], In 642 A.D. the Arabs conquered Egypt. Birthplace: Egypt Location of death: Egypt Cause of death: unspecified Remains: Mummified, whereabouts unknown. Little is known about Khufu, but his fame is assured by the tomb he built for himself: the Great Pyramid of Giza. He was also mentioned in Assassin's Creed Origins, as to where the player should find his tomb. [41][42], At the Wadi Maghareh in Sinai a rock inscription contains Khufu's names and titles and reports: "Hor-Medjedu, Khnum-Khuf, Bikuj-Nebu, the great god and smiter of the troglodytes, all protection and life are with him". However, by the end of the 6th dynasty the number of domains abated quickly. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. They argue that the classical authors lived around 2000 years after Khufu, and their sources that were available in their lifetimes surely were antiquated. [69], A near-Earth asteroid bears Khufu's name: 3362 Khufu. Updates? [5][18] Though Zahi Hawass has reported locating the inscription of the date given by Petrie, there is also some debate whether Petrie may have mistakenly relied on other sources as the inscription has otherwise yet to be found. However, that may be, the highest parts of it were finished first, and afterwards they proceeded to finish that which came next to them, and lastly they finished the parts of it near the ground and the lowest ranges. [5][18], In an attempt to solve the riddle around Khufu's true length of rulership, modern Egyptologists point to Sneferu's reign, when the cattle count was held every second year of a king's rulership. It is uncertain if Khufu was actually the biological son of Sneferu. He also thinks that the pyramid was built with ramps, which were removed during the finishing of the limestone shell. [18], Diodorus states that the Khufu pyramid was beautifully covered in white, but the top was said to be capped. The people of Egypt often described him in many rude and horrible ways. 2. überarteitete und erweiterte Auflage., von Zabern, Mainz 1991. Pharaoh, buried in the Great Pyramid. To the right of them the name ...fu in a cartouche is visible, and it can easily be reconstructed as the cartouche name Khufu. The Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu or usually recognized by his Greek name Cheops ruled as the second pharaoh in Egypt during the Fourth Dynasty found on the Bible Timeline. One of the fragments, that of a small seated statue, shows the legs and feet of a sitting king from the knuckles downward. King Khufu Reign There is no specific information about the reign of King Khufu, but the 19th dynasty Royal Canon of Turin granted Khufu 23 years of rule. From the same period comes the famous Inventory Stela, which names Khufu and his wife Henutsen. Contemporary documents suggest that unlike his father he was not seen as a beneficent ruler and by the Middle Kingdom he is generally described as heartless ruler. The son and immediate successor of Queen Hetepheres and King Snefru, the founder of the Fourth Dynasty (ca. Egyptian art and architecture: Pyramid of Khufu.

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