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Start studying Barley - Physical and biochemical changes during germination. The proteins that do dissolve during this phase are not significant and reportedly precipitation, not proteolysis, accounts for the disappearance of proteins during mashing (26).© Copyright 2019 Apex Publishers or related companies. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This study was conducted to identify bacteria encountered and some biochemical changes which occurred during the production of sorghum lager beer. Use of this site is governed by our Copyright Policy, Terms of Use Agreement and Privacy Policy.During gelatinization, beta-glucans are hydrolyzed by beta-glucanases.Although the term "protein rest" has long been adopted for low-temperature mashing systems, most of the protein degradation occurs during the malting process. Biochemical and microbiological changes that occur during production of masvusvu and mangisi, both traditional Zimbabwean beverages made from malted finger millet flour were investigated in this study. In recent years, because of the use of well-modified malts, the general trend has been to simplify and shorten the lager mash by eliminating the acid rest in mashing.Beta-amylase is the other mash enzyme capable of degrading starch. The principal enzymes responsible for starch conversion are alpha- and beta-amylase.Proteinase is responsible for degrading albumins already dissolved in the wort, along with insoluble globulins, into simpler medium-sized proteins (peptones and polypeptides).Three distinct stages can be distinguished in the enzymatic break­down of starch: gelatinization, liquefaction, and saccharification.The acid rest is responsible for reducing the initial mash pH for traditional decoction mashing of lager beers. Enzymes are biological catalysts responsible for initiating specific chemical reactions. During the malting process, high molecular weight storage proteins are degraded by proteolytic enzymes to various degrees, from mid-size chains to amino acids. The mashing process is conducted over a period of time at various temperatures in order to activate the enzymes responsible for the acidulation of the mash (traditionally for lagers) and the reduction in proteins and carbohydrates. The malt is mainly used for brewing or whisky making, but can also be used to make malt vinegar or malt extract. Finally the kilned malt is cooled before the kiln is stripped (emptied).The cleaned malt is stored in silos to be blended with similar malt pieces to produce larger homogenous batches of malt.Finally the malt is cleaned prior to sale using sieves and aspiration to remove the dust, lumps and stones in the malt. Cast-out may be done as a slurry during a wet stand or as moist grain during an air rest.The grain bed is maintained at a constant temperature of between 10 and 16 °C by the constant supply of fresh humidified air and turners move through the grain bed to keep it loose to allow for sufficient air-flow. Beta-amylase is more selective than alpha-amylase since it breaks off two sugars at a time from the starch chain.Alpha-amylase very rapidly reduces insoluble and soluble starch by splitting complex starch molecules into many shorter chains (i.e., partially-fermentable polysaccharide fractions-dextrins and maltotriose) that can be attacked by beta-amylase.The enzyme peptidase is responsible for degrading medium-sized proteins (peptones and polypeptides) into smaller proteins (peptides and amino acids).Click on the following topics for more information on mashing. Various grains are used for malting; the most common are barley, sorghum, wheat and rye. Malting consists in causing cereal grains to germinate in order to begin the natural biochemical transformations the plant undergoes during growth, then stopping that transformation more or less rapidly, depending on the desired types of malt and their characteristics. Magnets are again used to remove any steel that might damage the mill rollers.The grain is received at the malt house from the farmer. During cooking to produce masvusvu, amylase was active within the first 20 minutes but its activity decreased drastically at temperatures of above 60 °C. It is taken in from the field and cleaned (dressed) and dried if necessary to ensure the grain remains in the best condition to produce good malt.At the end of steeping the grain is cast-out to germination. Malting is a controlled germination that converts raw grain into malt. No part of this content or the data or information included therein may be reproduced, republished or redistributed without the prior written consent of Apex Publishers.