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Furthermore, in addition to the federal opposition to drug crimes, states’ rights permitted discretion to disable or advance the drug war within its state jurisdiction.
Moreover, establishing negative conditions for minorities perpetuates poverty cycles and substandard living, “the problems plaguing poor communities of color, including problems associated with crime and rising incarceration rates, [are a] function of poverty and lack of access to quality education” (Alexander 9). Following “The War on Drugs,” harsh, mandatory, and increasing sentences accompanied by penal justice disproportionately detain people of color at exponentially high rates. Utilizing the criminal justice system to identify people of color as “criminals” essentially legalizes employment, housing, and voting discrimination (Alexander 11); “the emergence of the carceral state has helped to legitimize a new mode of ‘governing through crime’ that has spread well beyond the criminal justice system to other key institutions” (Gottschalk 488).

They accomplish this increased monitoring by assigning more police officers to these neighborhoods; however, the consequences produce the opposite of its intended effect.

NEW YORK -- Despite an increased emphasis on treatment and prevention programs in recent years, the Obama administration in its 2013 budget still requested $25.6 billion in federal spending on the drug war. Therefore, the increased observation of those within poorer neighborhoods fails to properly address criminal activity.Originating in the 1970s, the War on Drugs propelled the augmentation of the incarceration of predominantly African and Hispanic Americans through its criminalization of drug use and possession, at rates equating similarly amongst all races. For example, states with historically discriminatory climates were permitted to exercise state rights in legal cases: “In explaining the prison boom in Arizona and other states, Lynch (2011) stresses how certain legal changes, including alterations in the penal code, federal case law (especially with regard to prisoners’ rights), and post sentencing laws and policies, were refracted through local norms and culture” (Gottschalk 485).

Thus, “The War on Drugs” initiative that established excessively punitive responses to crime catalyzed mass incarceration functions that systematically oppress minorities in perpetual cycles of penury which cripples their ability to advance, similarly to its renowned precedents: Jim Crow and slavery.Our editors will help you fix any mistakes and get an A+!Marginalized categorization reifies the criminal justice system as a power structure of absolute social control and degradation. This phenomenon continues the legacy of slavery and Jim Crow laws, by oppressing marginalized groups of people, stifling their opportunities to achieve fundamental equity and equality to the white privilege in the United States. The mass incarceration epidemic has metamorphosed into an institution of absolute control that examines and determines who will and will not succeed.

Rather than publicly funded prisons, “Private firms pay the upfront construction costs and amortize them over a number of years. Thus, this manifestation of power is invisible and creates unassuming change, which provokes little to no public resistance or attention. Degradation is evident upon the completion of a prison sentence, in which the now-free individual is crippled by the drastic deprivation of rights. Why does it maintain such a strong presence to this day?

Although the drug war plagues America nationally, it particularly affects minority races. Drug Policy Alliance, "The Drug War, Mass Incarceration and Race," February 2016.

She would like the country to return to its 1970s levels of incarceration, legalize marijuana, and end the war on drugs. The vast majority – more than 80% – were for possession only.

Therefore, the culture of criminal justice evolved and shifted its attention heavily upon drug offenses, in which inmates elevated from “15 per 100,000 to 148 per 100,000 in 1980 to 1996” (Blumstein and Beck 20). To reify this discontent within relationships between citizens living in impoverished neighborhoods and police officers, a study conducted by Parker reveals that African Americans filed more complaints regarding excessive police verbal and physical abuse, compared to their white counterparts (405). The current criminal justice system fails to fulfill the maintenance of societal order, because “from a crime control perspective, continued expansion is likely to lead to diminishing returns, as less serious offenders are incarcerated on average” (Garland 16).